Effective-substrate theory for optical reflection from a layered substrate

OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THIN Cu FILMS AS A FUNCTION OF SUBSTRATE TEMPERATURE

Copper films (250 nm) deposited on glass substrates, at different substrate temperatures. Their optical properties were measured by ellipsometery (single wavelength of 589.3 nm) and spectrophotometery in the spectral range of 200–2600 nm. Kramers Kronig method was used for the analysis of the reflectivity curves of Cu films to obtain the optical constants of the films, while ellipsometery measu...

Design of film—substrate single-reflection retarders

Modeling of Substrate Noise Impact on a Single-Ended Cascode LNA in a Lightly Doped Substrate (RESEARCH NOTE)

Substrate noise generated by digital circuits on mixed-signal ICs can disturb the sensitiveanalog/RF circuits, such as Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), sharing the same substrate. This paperinvestigates the adverse impact of the substrate noise on a high frequency cascode LNA laid out on alightly doped substrate. By studying the major noise coupling mechanisms, a new and efficientmodeling method is p...

CRUDE GLYCEROL AS SUBSTRATE FOR SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA FROM A MATURE OIL FIELD AND ITS POTENTIAL IMPACT ON SOURING

Crude glycerol (CG) is an abundantly available and cheap by-product from biodiesel production. Value-added applications for CG are highly wanted by industry and several processes such as the use of CG for enhanced oil recovery have been proposed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sulfide production of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) indigenous to oil reservoirs using CG as substrate. Th...

Statistics for Pulse Reflection from a Randomly Layered Medium

We consider reflection of a pulse incident on a layered halfspace whose density and bulk modulus vary randomly. We show that when the pulse width is long compared to the average time it takes to travel over one correlation length, the reflected signal is approximately a Gaussian random process. The parameters of this process change slowly on a scale long compared to the pulse width. We give a f...